Universal Vortical Singularity enlightenment on evolution of stars and galaxies
- Cosmic evolution in the worldview of UVS

This is a UVS worldview for cosmic evolution (in physical cosmology aspect) that is based on the UVS model. The celestial mechanism of a unisonal vortical system from cosmic level to planetary level in the macrocosms is generally illustrated in this topic and it mainly elaborates on the evolution of stars and galaxies.

“All physical existences are weaved in vortical motion; nothing physical in nature is not vortical.” - UVS inspired

See UVS topics on "Unisonal evolution mechanism" that elaborates on vortical evolution in natural phenomena from the macrocosms to the microcosms based on UVS model, "The geometrical structure of an atom" that elaborates on vortical phenomena in the microcosms in a universal push-in gravity, "The fundamental of unisonal vortex mechanism" that elaborates on naturally occurred free vortex, "The structure of a galaxy" and "The vortical universe model of UVS" for further elucidation. See also external links on "Cosmology" and "Celestial mechanics".

UVS propositions that astrophysical plasma in its elementary form with vortical motion in absolute time and space is isotropically encapsulating on all celestial spheroids of the physical universe with a vortical push-in motion. This is a paradigm shift from modern physics for its basic assumptions; UVS posits that space and time are invariants and an all-pervasive inviscid aetheric medium in vortical motion exists.

“The structure of the observable physical universe is a nested vortical formation in a paradigm of
spheroidal unisonal vortex that has homogeneously interweaved as a vortical oneness.” - UVS inspired

The vortical motion of viscous matter in the galactic vortex could form spiral stellar clouds with collection of evaporated stellar materials drawn from consolidated galactic spheroid. In analogy this is similar to water vapor that has formed as cloud are drawn by an atmospheric vortex in its vortical motion and this shapes the gaseous matter as a tropical cyclone that suspends on the surface of an atmospheric layer of the Earth. A galactic vortex can generate satellite vortices with higher spinning speed that its magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) dynamo effect can cause stars to evolve through vortical consolidation of stellar clouds. A MHD dynamo has three requirements: a conducting viscous matter, rotation, and convection.

A tropical cyclone

Bode's galaxy M81

In a freely suspended state the stellar materials are vortically consolidated as spinning mass of glowing plasma on a plasmatic surface of a plasmatic spheroid; newly spawned star are vortically fused by vortical motion acting on stellar clouds that spiral in their galactic vortex. Affected by swirling motion of the galactic vortex, the evolved stars and stellar clouds are vortically consolidated as a glowing galaxy.

Image on top at far right is Bode's galaxy M81 displaying dazzling star births in vortical motion on those spiral arms of stellar cloud in its accretion disc.

Based on unisonal vortex mechanism, the phenomenon of stellar jets (image at far right in reddish glow) are charged atomic particles in plasma state that have formed as thin vortex column of a plasma polar vortex pair of a star, glowing at a specific wavelength. Conjectuably, the plasma polar vortex is formed through layers of nested plasmatic spheroids, in a lower pause layer a vortrex has formed in between the layers ang charged particles would be pushed up vortically to envelope the outer wall of vortex column as a skin layer of reddish glowing cylindrical rim. Stellar jets, or accretion disc jets, is one of the unsolved problems in physics. Contrary to observation that the accretion disc jets (in reddish glow) are beaming out of protoplanetary disks (in greenish glow) from both ends, based on unisonal vortex mechanism, the stream of glowing ionized gas in plasma state is an effect primarily caused by vortical interaction pushing and consolidating viscous matter inward to the core of the newly formed star in the center (not visible in the image) of the protoplanetary disks, in the vortical culmination process it forms a vortrex carrying glowing charged particles and folds back on the plasma polar vortex and encompass it in the glow. See an external link on "Space tornado" that evidently illustrates the vortical dynamics of a stellar jet observed with NASA's Spitzer infrared telescope. From the perspective of UVS, the phenomenon of a protoplanetary disks (upper image at right in greenish glow) of a young star is caused by a polar vortrex pair that have a reversed push-out vortical interactions that can levitate the swirling plasmatic stellar cloud on an outward lifted vortical column, this vortrex pair is driven by a polar vortex pair that is supposedly the pair of stellar jets. The protoplanetary disks have charged atomic particles glowing at another wavelength, are formed on the vortical columns of the polar vortrex pair that has vortically levitated and push out ionized gas cyclonically around a young newly formed star (in the middle of image but not visible). The vortrex force dynamics of a protoplanetary disk is similar to the phenomena of dust tail of comet and dust devil. Snapshot image of raindrop splashing water on impact is for illustration only.

Protoplanetary disk HH-30 in constellation of Taurus with its stellar jets (red)

A raindrop

The glowing disk is as a result of dynamo effect of the plasma polar vortex of protoplanetary disk that causes ionization of rarefied atomic particles on vortex column in the ionized gas on atmospheric layer; the electrons in atom are excited vortically in a magnetohydrodynamics dynamo process that generates electricity and stores in atomic particles on the vortex column and therefore they are energized and glow in an ionized state as plasma.

A star is vortically formed within a larger vortical system that drives its galaxy

This is an awesome image of a newly formed star HL Tau within Milky Way. It is still at infancy stage of a star birth with a protoplanet HL Tau b (small circular bright image at slightly after one o'clock position) in the process of forming as a gaseous planet.

This image is based on data captured by radio telescopes, is a protoplanetary disk with a view from a polar region showing spiral arms of the evolving star HL Tau that appears to be driving a protoplanet HL Tau b to form in the accretion disc with a "womb of gas". Prior to this simulated image there were only artist’s impressions available for protoplanetary disc in showing the accretion disk with spiral arms. Based on unisonal vortex mechanism, this image is a direct evidence that a star is formed by vortical consolidation from stellar materials in a vortical "womb of gas" that vortically revolves the Galactic core. The protoplanet HL Tau b is also direct evidence that revolving planets (after clearing the neighbourhood) are consolidation of planetesimals in satellite vortices spiraling around the star within its localized vortex system. Evidently, this image of the protoplanet HL Tau b shows the origin of vortical force dynamics in perpetual motion for revolving and rotating planets around its star on a plane of the ecliptic. In the UVS worldview, this asserts the origin of planetary gravity is an isotropic push-in inertial force as a result of compression in a vortical consolidation process; an effect of potential density in volumetric pressure that repels viscous matter electrostatically and mechanically inside nested plasmatic spheroids. The spiral arm on the protoplanet in a trajectory towards its star HL Tau is evidently caused by cyclonic gravity field effect from the star. This is also the basis for Solar System alignment effect that could trigger unisonal vortex to spawn in viscous matter of a Solar System object through a torque free precession caused by focused precession effects from other Solar System objects. This is also evidence for the presence of fundamental substance that is encompassed in relatively huge nested plasmatic spheroids, in vortical interactions it causes vortical consolidation of viscous matter that encompasses the star as "womb of gas", and the revolving protoplanet rotating in a satellite vortexes pair is on a plane of flattened plasmatic polar vortexes pair of its parent star. This is evident that everything that has clumped up as physical matter in a star system has a plasma origin. See a UVS topic on "What exactly is dark matter and dark energy?"

An embryonic planet takes shape around the star HL Tau in an image from a computer simulation. The newfound protoplanet HL Tau b, which was discovered inside a distant "womb of gas" using radio telescopes, is believed to be only a few hundred years old.

See an external link on "Solar System formation" that illustrates how spinning cloud is flattened into a thin disk and eventually condensed into a star and its planets, formed in a vortical manner.

“Solar system formed from gigantic whirlpool within a universal fluid- eddies in flow produced planets” - Rene Descartes (1644)

Note: The concept of cosmic evolution through a vortical system in the UVS worldview was developed without prior knowledge to Rene Descartes and his "Theory of Vortices", it has been wonderful to know later that a similar vortical concept of Solar System evolution was studied in-depth in the past. This Cartesian cosmology based on a vortex model has been forsaken for more than two centuries was once championed in France for nearly one hundred years in the later part of the seventeenth century. Modern technology for astronomy observation is only beginning to uncover the phenomena of a star system evolution in the exact manners as with the qualitatively prediction made above by this long forgotten great thinker of the late Renaissance period.

The vortical motion of Sun

In the UVS worldview, Sun rotates in counter-clockwise direction (referencing to Earth's north pole as top in the view) was formed and driven in furrow of a spiral stellar arm in a clockwise rotating Milky Way that it vortically revolves around; the motion of Sun in its galaxy is driven by anticyclone of the galactic vortex . Note: The Orion Arm is a minor spiral arm of the Milky Way galaxy, the Solar System and Earth are within the Orion Arm. The Sun spiraling around the Galactic center of Milky Way in the localized reference frame of Galactic center, as a matter of fact, Sun in the invariable plane is also oscillating in a center of mass with precession cycles that are caused by exchanging of angular momentum with each and every of its satellites that vortically rotates and revolves around a moving Sun; Sun while revolving around the Galactic center is propagating in spiral paths that are a composite of spiral motion with various frequency. The apsidal precession of planets is a scientific proof for the spiral motion of a moving Sun in its revolving path around the Galactic center. In a vortical paradigm shift down one level, Jupiter is vortically spiraling around the Sun and it is wobbling around a composite center of mass as a result of its moons. UVS qualitatively predicts that Sun is rotating and revolving around Galactic center in a perpetual vortical motion driven by its galactic vortex.

Structure of the Milky Way - The position of Sun is indicated by the yellow dot.

Based one the UVS model, the heliosphere is a spheroidal unisonal vortex that encapsulates the Sun, its vortical motion coalesced stellar materials to vortically form the Solar System as it now is. After plasmatic viscous matters of stellar cloud was vortically coalesced in the vortex center in a vortical culmination process, in its plasmatic spheroid (heliosphere) with negative pressure, it vortically compressed the Sun to higher density in the invariable plane and consolidates into a fired-up rotating plasmatic spheroid that have the most efficient geometry in a spin fusion of plasma through magnetohydrodynamics dynamo effect; this vortical culmination process forms the Sun of the Solar System. The vortical consolidating interaction of plasmatic viscous matter on a star drives the process of nuclear fusion.

Heliosphere

See a UVS subtopic on "A typical formation of Solar System objects that could trigger a terrestial free vortex" that illustrates vortical motion is the causality for the effects of convection. See also an external link on "Heliospheric current sheet".

UVS qualitatively predicts that heliosphere is a nested plasmatic spheroidal vortex of Sun vortically driven by its galactic vortex.
UVS qualitatively predicts that a star is vortically driven by galactic vortex to form with coalesced stellar matter in a bipolar vortexes pair on nested plasmatic spheroids.
UVS qualitatively predicts that the nuclear fusion in star is cause by vortical consolidation of tremendously compressed plasmatic stellar matter compacted as a rotating plasmatic spheroid.

In the consolidation process the vortex columns of the primordial Solar System vortexes pair were developed as the polar caps on Sun. The primordial Solar System vortexes pair of Sun was driven by the galactic vortex of Milky Way in a spiral arm on the accretion disc. A vortex eye on a surface of Sun is a depressed void area, whereby the usual atmospheric presence of plasmatic viscous matter required for thermal convection is not there, this causes the phenomenon of an inert dark center of a sunspot that the emptiness inhibits convection and therefore is much cooler than the surrounding. See a UVS topic on "Sunspots" that elucidates on more than twenty mysterious phenomena of the Sun. The tiny black circle in the center show with this image of star HL Tau is the vortex eye on a surface of the star that is a depressed void area. The red circle around the black circle is where culmination of the vortical momentum occurs on a lower altitude with higher density viscous matter on the star, rotating at highest velocity most vigorously in a smallest diameter in the densest section of the polar vortex column, generating extreme conditions of highest temperature, strongest magnetic field storm and most vigorous reaction in nuclear fusion in an extremely consolidated plasmatic layer of viscous matter. The phenomenon of polar caps as long-lived corona holes where coronal temperature and density suddenly dropped, are caused by the extremely large polar free vortex pair of the Sun. Photosphere is dispersed at the poles is as a result of the Sun's polar vortex; its centrifugal force would cause the atmosphere to distribute toward the equator. The photosphere on a Sun's hemisphere was subjected to it rotation to become a forced vortex; at equator the surface of photosphere is on a highest potential plane and at polar center the surface of photosphere is at a lowest potential point. The driving force for the Sun's polar vortex comes from the self-perpetuating force of Sun revolving around the Galactic center in a spiral arm of the galactic vortex, this transform the forced vortex into a very large, stable and long-lived free vortex in the photosphere at polar region that cyclonically spins along the polar axis. Based on unisonal vortex mechanism, the main axis of the unisonal polar vortexes pair of Sun is on the rotational axis of the Sun, the secondary axis with driving force is from the revolving axis of the Sun.

Vortex eye of star HL Tau Polar caps of Sun

A galaxy is vortically formed within a larger vortical system that drives its galaxy cluster

In a shift to a larger nested level in the paradigm of vortical universe, this image of a newly formed star HL Tau driving a protoplanet that has shown the characteristic of unisonal vortex mechanism is similar to the structure of a galaxy, such as the Whirlpool galaxy (image on right) with spiral arms that is driving a distinct satellite galaxy has a similar nested structure. Based on Universal Vortical Singularity, a satellite galaxy is formed by vortical collection of stars that that are driven by a satellite galactic vortex on an outer vortex ring in a galactic precession. The image of star HL Tau shows that stars are also formed in similar vortical interaction; in satellite vortices of a satellite galactic vortex in unison with the galactic vortex. These are some of the compelling evidence that infers a vortical universe with a structure in a paradigm of unisonal vortices that are weaved with fundamental viscous matter in a vortical system. Based on the UVS model, on macro levels in higher orders in the paradigm of universal vortical system are unisonally laced galaxy clusters, galaxy superclusters and the ever larger vortical structures beyond, on micro levels in lower orders are atoms, subatomic particles and the ever smaller vortical structures within; universally in unison in a paradigm of unisonal vortices in a self-perpetuating vortical universe. UVS model could unite the mechanism of the largest structures in the universe with the mechanism of the smallest structures in the universe.

Whirlpool galaxy NGC 5194 with its smaller companion, satellite galaxy NGC 5195.

See external links on"Lyman-alpha blob" that this is a huge concentration of a gas with ionized hydrogen atoms, and a report on "Blob may signal monster galaxy feeding" that suggests the blob may be an early galaxy caught in the act of forming.

The dipole anisotropy pattern of cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR)

"Our Earth is not at rest. The Earth moves around the Sun. The Sun orbits the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. The Milky Way Galaxy orbits in the Local Group of Galaxies. The Local Group falls toward the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies. But these speeds are less than the speed that all of these objects together move relative to the cosmic microwave background (CMBR). In the all-sky map on right, radiation in the Earth's direction of motion appears blueshifted and hence hotter, while radiation on the opposite side of the sky is redshifted and colder. The map indicates that the Local Group moves at about 600 kilometers per second relative to this primordial radiation. This high speed was initially unexpected and its magnitude is still unexplained. Why are we moving so fast? What is out there?" - Excerpt from Astronomy Picture of the Day on COBE temperature map of the CMBR dipole, NASA. From the perspective of Universal Vortical Singularity, the dipole anisotropy pattern of cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) in false color temperature map as measured by the COBE mission, is a scientific evidence that the observable physical universe is precessing in a vortical motion with self-perpetual motion. The WMAP of CMBR asserts Eucidean space with experimental evidence in its empirical observations; this is an immutable positive logical empiricism. See UVS topics on "The dipole anisotropy pattern of CMBR" and "Unisonal evolution mechanism" that illustrates on how vortical motion begets everything through its wake.

COBE temperature map of the CMBR dipole.

Vortical systems within a vortical star system

Evidently, the vortical system of stellar cloud in a vortical oneness has consolidated further to manifest unisonal vortices in unison within the star, its planets and their moons, in forms such as sunspot clusters on photosphere, planetary cloud bands and planetary storms on planet's atmospheres, and volcanic activities on satellites (planets and moons alike) that are supposedly caused by vortex of molten matter; various types of unisonal vortices are spawned as a result of torque-free precession on different types of viscous matter caused by torque-induced precession in the vortical system.

Sunspot cluster

Vortices of Jupiter

Volcanic remnants on Io; Jupiter's moon

Volcanic activity on Mars

UVS qualitatively predicts that the physical universe is formed in a paradigm of unisonal vortices in unison universally in a self-perpetuating vortical universe.
UVS qualitatively predicts that galaxy supercluster with hundreds of galaxy clusters are vortically held by a cosmic vortex and vortically revolve around a center of mass.
UVS qualitatively predicts that galaxy cluster with thousands of galaxies are vortically held by a satellite cosmic vortex and vortically revolve around a center of mass.
UVS qualitatively predicts that local galaxy group with tens of galaxies are vortically held by a sub-satellite cosmic vortex and vortically revolve around a center of mass.
UVS qualitatively predicts that galaxy is induced by a galactic vortex that has formed in a galactic spheroid.
UVS qualitatively predicts that galaxy is formed by vortical collection of stars levitated on a galactic vortex.
UVS qualitatively predicts that satellite galaxy is induced by satellite galactic vortex of a main galactic vortex.
UVS qualitatively predicts that a new star is evolved by vortical interaction of satellite galactic vortex that form primordial bipolar vortexes pairs with stellar cloud. With credits to Allen Barrow.
UVS qualitatively predicts that stellar jets is vortically formed in a vortex column with ionized jet of gas stream vortically culminated into the core of its plasmatic spheroid. With credit to Anna Lorrina Mitchell.
UVS qualitatively predicts that protoplanetary disk is glowing plasma driven by vortical column of vortrex caused by its stellar jet vortex of a newly formed star.
UVS qualitatively predicts that protoplanet is formed in vortically scattered stellar clouds in a satellite vortexes pair on a plane of flattened plasmatic polar vortexes pair of its parent star.

Other intergalactic vortical systems

Satellite galaxies such as NGC 5195 (the companion of M51), Large Magellanic Cloud, Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy, Canis Major dwarf galaxy , and dwarf galaxies alike are floating on satellite galactic vortices driven by their main galactic vortex.

NGC 5195 is on a satellite vortex driven by a galactic vortex	Large Magellanic Cloud is a satellite galaxy of Milky Way	A satellite of LMC	A globular cluster of Milky Way
Whirlpool galaxy with its smaller companion NGC 5195	Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is between 15,000 and 16,000 light years in diameter, and has about one-tenth as many stars as our Galaxy (i.e., about 10^10 stars).	"Blue Globular" star cluster NGC 1978 in the Large Magellanic Cloud	The Messier 80 is among 150 currently known globular clusters in the Milky Way

The phenomena of a satellite galaxy is being ripped and its stars are being snatched by a main galaxy that has spread it out in a long stellar stream is as a result of a dissipating satellite galactic vortex affected by cyclonic gravity field effect of the galactic spheroid that is driving the main galactic vortex; the satellite galaxy would appeared to have been ripped. These phenomena can also be described as an effect of the dissipating satellite galactic vortex is in a process of merging into the main galactic vortex, or the vortical forces holding the stars in its orbit is overpowered by another vortical force.

The phenomenon of Globular cluster is formed by remnants of a satellite galaxy when a satellite galactic vortex pair undulating it has dissipated. Under gravitational influence, vortically consolidated stars on an accretion disc in a satellite galaxy released by the dissipated satellite galactic vortex pair in a freely suspended condition formed into a prolate spheroidal collections of stars. Vortically encapsulated by an outer layer of nested plasmatic spheroid, a globular cluster continues to spin with transferred momentum from the dissipated satellite galactic vortex pair. This is a mysterious phenomenon amazingly caused by a vanished satellite galactic vortex that has not shown its presence at the first place.

Do a thought experiment to visualize how a globular cluster is formed in a final stage, imaging a balloon is being pushed down on a flat surface by a stream of strong air and it has become flattened as a disc shape pressing on the surface, when the air stream is removed the balloon recovers to its original spheroidal shape. This thought experiment is credited to Dipayan Kar.

UVS qualitatively predicts that globular cluster is formed in the wake of a dissipated satellite galactic vortex pair.

Globular clusters NGC 1978 was on a dissipated satellite galactic vortex driven by a larger satellite galactic vortex of Large Magellanic Cloud; LMC is a satellite galaxy of Milky Way. Globular clusters such as Messier 80 and Omega Centauri were on dissipated satellite galactic vortices driven directly by the main galactic vortex of Milky Way. Omega Centauri contains several generations of stars, hypothetically, it was a dwarf galaxy many times its present size which it satellite galactic vortex was dissipated and then ripped apart and absorbed by Milky Way. Without dynamo effect from a dissipated satellite galactic vortex, it explained why globular clusters are not active in evolving new stars.

The effect of satellite galactic vortex could fuse stars in a satellite galaxy by drawing stars towards its galactic center, the process of pushing on the repulsing surfaces of the plasmatic shell of stars would cause their outer plasmatic shells to merge; in a manner similar to chemical covalent bond of a molecule. If the main galaxy snatches these closely fused stars in packs, they would then revolve around the main galaxy as star cluster moving in a group of stars, or as binary star with two or more stars sharing a common plasmatic shell, and within the common plasmatic spheroid they revolves around their barycenter of mass.

UVS qualitatively predicts that star cluster is held together by strong interactions from electromagnetic vortices of stars in the weak vortical interactions of the galactic vortex.
UVS qualitatively predicts that binary stars are revolving around each other in a common plasmatic shell that was merged from two stars.

The vortical phenomena of the Cartwheel galaxy group

Cartwheel galaxy group

Cartwheel galaxy in a larger view

The irregular galaxy of the Cartwheel galaxy group on the top right of the interacting galaxies is on a satellite vortex of a galactic polar vortex on its left, this satellite galaxy is driven in differential rotation by the galactic polar vortex. The main spiral galaxy (ESO350-40A) driven on the galactic polar vortex is the opposite galactic polar vortex pair of the Cartwheel galaxy (ESO350-40) at the bottom in a bipolar system. There is a chain of cyclonic satellite vortices around the circular rim of the Cartwheel galaxy; the spokes are the squashed and compressed vortex columns of these cyclonic satellite vortices. The prominent spokes that are vortically compressed around Cartwheel galaxy generated on a larger visible accretion disc suggests that this galaxy is in the process of intensifying.

Conjecturably, a galaxy on a galactic polar vortex could be recharged in cycles that in a process new groups of stars would be evolved, they would then spiral towards the Galactic center gradually. An increase in intensity of the two polar galactic vortices within a galactic spheroid had somehow occurred in intergalactical precession, and recurs; this would cyclically intensify the galactic polar vortices pair. At one end on the interacting galaxies side (ESO350-40A), the intensified galactic polar vortex would intensify this satellite galactic vortex that drives its interacting companion galaxy on a tilted axis of the galactic spheroid. In a torque-induced precession of its intensified galactic vortex it would have caused the satellite galactic vortex to rotate in opposite direction in a differential manner as observed, drawing the galaxies closer and with strengthened dynamo effect that would cause a new group of stars to be evolved instantaneously across the galaxy. The intensified galactic vortex interaction on a galactic spheroid would cause the phenomenon of interacting galaxies.

At the other polar end, the intensified polar vortex caused an outer rim to glow around the previously normal spiral Cartwheel galaxy that renders its appearance of a cartwheel structure. The outer circular rim of the Cartwheel galaxy have a chain of mainly cyclonic satellite vortices around it; new stars would evolve almost instantaneously by the dynamo effect of these faster spinning cyclonic satellite galactic vortices that would vortically form into satellite galaxies around the circular rim.

If the conjectures for this almost instantaneous reactions on the vortical structure that held the Cartwheel galaxy with a span of 150,000 light-years across is true, then the belief that nothing with mass can travel faster than the speed of light is a myth; this is going to involve a lot of rethinking, and book burning. These conjectures are based on the UVS model, see a UVS topic on "Faster than light speed transferring of motion through interconnectedness" that elaborates on this supposedly emergence phenomenon of the Cartwheel's ring.

When the galactic vortex of Cartwheel galaxy is dissipating, the vortical interaction should weaken and the galaxy would then begin to transform into a spiral galaxy. At the initial stage those satellite galactic vortices around the cartwheel rim would begin to dissipate, loosing its stars to the main galaxy while transforming into dwarf elliptical galaxies and gradually reduces to become globular clusters when its undulating satellite galactic vortex pair is dissipated. After a galactic vortex has weakened and eventually dissipated, the spiral galaxy released by the galactic vortex pair within the encapsulation of an outer layer of plasmatic spheroidal vortex, it would be transformed into an elliptical galaxy, as a huge ellipsoidal collection of stars with globular clusters around its outer rim. An ellipsoid Front: Oval / Side: Round / Top: Oval Image on right is a giant elliptical galaxy ESO 325-G004 as massive as 100 billion times of Sun, it has thousands of globular clusters revolving around it, at the galaxy's distance on enlarged image they appeared as pinpoints of light contained within the diffuse halo. Elliptical galaxy has very little stellar material after its galactic vortex was dissipated, without dynamo effect it is no longer active in evolving new stars. This phenomenon is similar to globular cluster. See an external link on "Galaxy Evolution Explorer" by NASA. UVS qualitatively predicts that elliptical galaxy is formed in the wake of a dissipated galactic vortex pair.

Elliptical galaxy ESO 325-G004

Other vortical phenomena of star
Stars in a stellar arm driven towards the rim on a furrow as a result of centrifugal force are normally caught and embedded by interaction of a vortical core-seeking force, evidently this can be observed on spiral galaxy M81 that those stars are embedded around the rim of stretched stellar arms, which were not scattered in general manner; the primary revolving stellar arms of a stable galaxy do not sweep through stars. However, stars in a spiral stellar arm could become dislodged from the furrow when the satellite galactic vortex driving it is dissipating or when an escape velocity is reached.

From the perspective of UVS, a star can be dislodged from a dissipating galactic spoke and then gradually got embedded into galactic furrows of the spiral arm that spins in opposite direction, or in another scenario the star could be dislodged from inside of its galactic vortex ring that the spin it cyclonically to outside the galactic vortex ring and subject the star to an anti-cyclonic spin. These events would subject the dislodged star to encounter vortical driving force in an opposite direction undergoing a torque-induced precession in the spiral arm that rotates the affected star in opposite direction. This vortical interaction would cause the dislodged star to slow down gradually in rotating speed and then becomes cooler as a result of the dynamo effect is gradually reduced. The gradually slower rotating star loosing vortical consolidating force would experience reduction in vortical fusion forces electromagnetically and therefore gradually expands into red giant in a gradual unwinding process. This concept of matter that was coalesced by spin fusion in a cyclonic aether vortex is being diffused in an anti-cyclonic aether vortex could explain the enormous potential energy released when cyclonically fused matters are colliding with anti-cyclonic aether. When a red giant is violently diffused by a harmonic vortex in a strong vortical unwinding process, it becomes a diffused star in a vortical motion that spin the star vigorously in its opposite spinning direction and thus releasing its tremendrous potential energy that has been consolidated in its vortical spin fusion, this process could therefore expelled most of the star stuff vortically with a runaway effect in the so called supernova event. The scattered remnants of the difussed star that were vortically driven in opposite direction by the spiral arm of the galaxy would then begin to consolidate with heavier elements of star stuff in its opposite spin. This vortical consolidating process in the opposite spin would gradually consolidate the expelled star stuff to consolidate again in its evolution process that could form another generation of star, planets and their satellites.

SN 1572 supernova

The Hourglass Nebula

“We are vortically made of star stuff.” - UVS inspired
Addendum of the adverb "vortically" to Carl Sagan famous quote on "We are made of star stuff."

See UVS topics on "Vortical expanding universe", "The cognitive paradox fallacy in Big Bang model on expansion of space" and "Vortical patterns of planetary nebulae", see also external links on hyper-velocity star that evidently suggest a star achieving escape velocity and therefore dislodges from its main galaxy would end up in a supernova explosionm, and "Nebular hypoehesis". Supernova is one of the unsolved problems in physics. White dwarfs are known to have a low rate of rotation before it undergoes a Type Ia supernova that explodes via the accretion mechanism to unbind the star in a supernova explosion.

These are contemplation for supernova explosion speculated based on unisonal vortex mechanism, there was no evidence found for changing spinning direction of any star that was involved with supernova, these raw unconventional ideas are not thoroughly explored or proven at all; the conjectures are merely based on the UVS model. It suggests that if a star is intensified vortically, it would have become more consolidate of becoming diffused, faint and growing larger and eventually unbind itself via the accretion mechanism; UVS model propositioned that supernova is typically caused in an unwinding process by vortically driving the star to violently spin in opposite direction.

From the UVS perspective that is based on unisonal vortex mechanism, the brightness of a star depends on electric current generated by the dynamo effect in magnetohydrodynamics of its vortically fused plasma that causes plasmatic matter to glow; electric glow discharge. From the classical mechanics viewpoint, a particle with mass if driven in vortical motion would produce kinetic energy that could be converted into electrical energy for the process of electric glow discharge.

The noble gas enclosed in an electrically powered plasma lamp is not burnt as fuel for the plasma to glow, hydrogen would glow as long as it is ionized electrically in encapsulation; ionized gases are not burnt as fuel when they glow to radiate electromagnetic waves and produce heat upon interaction with matter. Some empirical observations for electric glow discharge in natural phenomena are the polar aurorae of Jupiter and Saturn that glow with their ionized hydrogen excited in vortical motion of its polar vortex. Although in vortical fusion process the hydrogen atoms of a star could fused to create heavier elements, the brightness of a star that is driven in perpetual vortical motion does not depend on the amount of nuclear fuel available for the star to burn.

Plasma lamp

Hydrogen glow

Aurorae of Saturn

From the perspective of UVS, without sufficient vortical motion in transferring of angular momentum to drive a gas giant it therefore could not glow brilliantly; a brown dwarf is a failed star that has not acquired enough vortical momentum to excite its hydrogen atoms to glow like a typical star. This also comprehensively explains how a planet with molten core of vicous matter in vortical motion could produce heat.

In the UVS worldview, polar aurorae of a gas giant is caused by the vortical motion of its polar vortices; kinetic energy is converted to thermal energy in the vortical process for its plasma glow. If the vortical motion of a precessing gas giant is intensified sufficiently, it would glow like a star; the effects of thermodynamics is caused by vortical motion of the celestial object.

UVS qualitatively predicts that supernova is caused in an unwinding process with a harmonic atheric vortex driving the star to violently spin in opposite direction.
UVS qualitatively predicts that planetary nebula is a consolidating diffused star wobbling in precession with glowing plasma polar vortex pairs.
UVS qualitatively predicts that the brightness of star depends on electric current generated by dynamo effect in magnetohydrodynamics of vortically consolidated plasma.
UVS qualitatively predicts that a brown dwarf is a failed star that has not acquired enough vortical momentum to excite its hydrogen atoms to glow like a typical star.
UVS qualitatively predicts that the effects of themodynamics are caused by vortical motion of an all pervasive medium in the physical universe.
UVS qualitatively predicts that thermal emission from the interior of a planet is generated by vortical motion of viscous matter.

Bode's galaxy M81

Structure of the Milky Way - The position of Sun is indicated by the yellow dot.

Schematic of a clockwise dominant unisonal vortex in a progressive vortical paradigm arrangement, with vortical spokes and spiral arms

From the UVS perspective on the dynamics of Solar System, a consolidated planet after "clearing the neighborhood" is still vortically propagating around a vortex ring with transferred angular momentum from the primordial protoplanet. From an inertial reference frame, a planetary orbit develops from one of these vortex rings, in primordial stage a vortex ring is a standing wave formed by a dilated harmonic vortex that has extended from the vortex core. Satellites of planet are still vortically propagating in the manner of longitudinal waves on the revolving path of the planet with its conserved angular momentum, this angular momentum was transferred from vortical dynamics of a primordial rotating satellite vortex that revolves around the main vortex. From the galactic reference frame, it can be visualized that the movement of Earth is a transferred vortical motion; Earth vortically revolves around the Sun that is also vortically revolving around the Galactic center.

Star HL Tau and its protoplanet HL Tau b.

See a UVS topic on "Structure of a galaxy" that elaborates with empirical observation that the Sun revolves around the Galactic center in vortical motion.

Through this visualization, one can comprehensively understand that all the orbits of satellite are developed as a result of conserved angular momentum transferred from vortical dynamics of a primordial bipolar vortexes pair that exchanges angular momentum in a unisonal manner. 

In logical empiricism supported with immutable astronomical evidence, the Solar System evolves from the coalescing of stellar clouds in resonant frequencies of standing wave and they are vortically propagating in longitudinal waves.

UVS qualitatively predicts that the orbits of satellite are developed as a result of conserved angular momentum transferred from vortical dynamics of a primordial bipolar vortexes pair.
UVS qualitatively predicts that the Solar System objects evolved from the vortical coalescing of stellar clouds in resonant frequencies of standing wave and they are vortically propagating in longitudinal waves.

“Celestial object rotates and revolves in vortical motion.” - UVS inspired

All celestial object rotates and revolves in a vortical motion that has precession effect and this could be conceptually visualized with the UVS model.

See external links on "The Universal Helicola" and "Hierarchical Two-body Gravitation in the Universe" for some proposed mathematical models.

Evidently, the orbits of planets and their satellites are as a result of transferred angular momentum conserved from a vortical origin in the Solar System. All Solar System objects revolve in vortical motion around the Sun, the Sun vortically revolves around the Galactic center of Milky Way, and Milky Way with everything it vortically carries is vortically revolving around the Local Group. These nested vortical motion in celestial scale of ever larger vortical systems is observable all the way to the largest observable structure of CMBR dipole in the physical universe, in micro scale of ever smaller vortical systems it is observable all the way to the smallest observable structure of electron's motion in subatomic particles. The CMBR dipole Electron's motion Image on right illustrates a vortical particle path of a magnetic field line. See UVS topics on "Geometrical structure of magnetosphere" and "Unisonal evolution mechanism" that demonstrates this vortical dynamics with "Dipole moment in mechanical illustration". See an external link on "The Universal Helicola" that presents a marvelous and immutable illustration for spiral motion of Earth's path in space on page 269 in figure 13.1, it was comprehensively elaborated qualitatively, analytically and quantitatively. See also video clips on "Earth Rotation & Revolution around a moving Sun" that illustrates with an external perception for the helical motion of Earth in a moving Sun and "The solar system's motion thru space".

Earth's magnetic field lines

The orbital resonances of planets and satellites in Solar System with orbiting bodies that exert gravitational influence on each other has mutual precession effects acting on each other in a cyclical manner. See UVS topics on "Sunspot", "Solar system alignment effect" and a section on "Vortical motion of planetary moon" that elaborate on the implications with votical motion of Solar Systems objects.

Venus is an odd planet that rotates about its axis in the opposite direction to most planets in the Solar System according to International Astronomical Union (IAU). The planetary rotation direction in Solar System is referenced to plane of the ecliptic on an external frame of reference of the Sun. From this external perspective for a planet cyclonically rotating at a speed faster than its revolving speed, there is no issue. However, if a planet is rotating cyclonically in counter-clockwise (ccw) direction at a speed slower than the revolving speed also in ccw direction, from the external perspective the planet would be deemed as rotating in clockwise direction. In the same manner a tidally locked satellite is considered by IAU to be in sync on rotating and revolving speed.

Venus

From the UVS perspective, Venus is cyclonically rotating in counter-clockwise direction from a vortical perspective referenced from the Sun. It is paradoxically rotating in clockwise direction in a frame of reference from external perspective of Sun in the plane of the ecliptic, this is as a result of its counter-clockwise rotating speed is slower than the counter-clockwise revolving speed, rendering the optical illusion that Venus is rotating in clockwise direction in its counter-clockwise revolving path.

UVS qualitatively predicts that Venus is cyclonically rotating in counter-clockwise direction in its counter-clockwise revolving path around the Sun. Inspired in a forum discussion with Graham Burnett.

A tidally locked revolving satellite is actually not rotating at all from a centre point of view where it revolves around. (such as Moon when is viewed from Earth is actually not rotating at all, apparently its rotation speed is in sync with its revolving speed around Earth when referenced from an external perspective.)

Three of the Galilean moons of Jupiter is known to be in a Laplace resonance for their orbital periods, Jupiter's moons Ganymede, Europa, and Io are in a 1:2:4 orbital period ratio of their orbital resonance. Every two revolving cycles of Io around Jupiter it would be in a three bodies alignment with Jupiter and Europa that has made one revolving cycle, every two revolving cycles of Europa around Jupiter it would be in a three bodies alignment with Jupiter and Ganymede that has made one revolving cycle, and every four revolving cycles of Io around Jupiter it would be in a three bodies alignment with Jupiter and Ganymede that has made one revolving cycle. These are multiple three bodies precession cycles with a common center. There are also a few other known mean motion resonances in the Solar System involving two planets or larger satellites in orbital resonance. 2:3 Pluto-Neptune 2:4 Tethys-Mimas (Saturn’s moons) 1:2 Dione-Enceladus (Saturn’s moons) 3:4 Hyperion-Titan (Saturn's moons) Coincidental 'near' ratios of mean motion in orbital frequencies of the planets or major moons are also known to occur in Solar System. The above are excerpts from Wikipedia on orbital resonance.

The Laplace resonance exhibited by three of the Galilean moons. The ratios in the figure are of orbital periods.

Note: The vortical path in helical spiral of planetary motion was independently visualized with the UVS model, similar concepts were later found through the Internet on further inquirying, such as "Spiral Forms in Space" as illustrated by Wilhelm Reich in the website of Dr. James DeMeo, Ph.D., "Universal Helicola"as illustrated by Dr. Vladimir Ginzburg and "The solar system's motion thru space"as illustrated by Nassim Haramein.

Primeval Earth and its moon
From the perspective of UVS model, assuming Moon is evolved in the same vortical system that Earth was evolved from, the Earth and its moon in their primeval molten forms are coalesced from a local vortical group of stellar clouds that were vortically revolving around the Sun. This local vortical group of stellar clouds would have vortically consolidated higher density materials toward its core and vortically spreads lighter density materials toward its rim; this hypothesis could explain why the materials on moon coalesced with the stellar clouds in a satellite vortex carrying a spectrum of lighter density materials that are similar to the composition of Earth. In this hypothesis the Moon is consolidated from a vortical ring of stellar materials revolving at a constant speed in the vortical system of the primordial Earth, this vortical mechanism could also explain why the sidereal rotation of Moon is tidally locked to Earth. Primordial Earth consolidated from stellar materials in several vortical rings that revolve around the Sun at different velocities would result in the rotating direction and speed for the sidereal rotation of Earth. Although further illustrations would be necessary to clarify this vortical mechanism, contemplating on the UVS model could elucidate this concept.

This vortical mechanism of UVS model could also explain the numerous crater formations on primeval Earth and primeval Moon; most craters on Earth and Moon are remnants of molten matter vortices that were formed before their surfaces are stratified to become their crust layers. Earth has a magma ocean underneath its crust and therefore formation of molten matter vortex would still be an ongoing cyclical process that could occassionally intensify as a result of a strong Solar System alignment effect. See UVS topics on "Crater and volcano" and "Earthquakes and volcano eruption" that elaborates on vortical interactions in molten matter.

The lunar surface is marred with numerous craters laced in basalt materials are evident that these are remnants of molten matter vortices. The surface of Earth is also marred with numerous craters in packs that are visible from space. Examine satellite image of Earth closely would reveal countless big and small craters by the hundreds all over the world, visible on main lands and sea beds as well. See an external link on "Crater Map" powered by Geology.com that could show Earth is marred with numerous craters in packs.

Craters on Earth's moon

Large and small craters in Siberia

Jupiter's moon Io

Thermal image of Saturn,

In comparative studies, the gaseous surfaces of Jupiter and Saturn are laced with packed vortices that are still active, many of their moons are also marred with numerous craters in packs. Beneath the stratified surface for some of these moons such as Io, molten matter vortices are still active and therefore could manifest as volcanic activities and periodical earthquakes. See a paper on "Jupiter and Io Observe Each Other" that suggest Io undergoes tides and earthquakes on a 42-hour cycle as it orbits Jupiter. In the above thermal image of Saturn, literally hundreds of storm clouds encircle the pole, appearing as dark spots in this infrared spectrometer thermal image; these are vortically induced craters on the surfaces of its gaseous atmospheric layers.

The Earth and its moon in their primeval molten forms would have been laced with molten satellite vortices similar to the gas giants, after becoming stratified these vortices then became the craters as their remnants.

The Bubble-shaped Nebula NGC 6781 has glowing disc horizontally similar to the Kuiper belt, the scattered disc and the disc-shaped inner Oort cloud of Sun. The spherical glowing and enveloping gas shell of this nebula also seems to have a similar geometrical pattern of digon as the Oort cloud with spherical tiltings that is supposedly caused by cyclonic gravity field effect of a large celestial object that renders the effects of precession; the orthogonal wobble in two-axes spin. Oort cloud is a spherical cloud of comets believed to lie roughly 50,000 AU, or nearly a light-year, from the Sun, and comet is known to be enveloped in a huge coma. A digon in spheroid Based on unisonal vortex mechanism, this glowing and enveloping gas shell with two discs are vortically formed in a precession effect, this is also a supportive evidence that gravity is compressing force pushing towards the core generated by the vortical core-seeking force field of the wobbling polar vortex pair; potential density conserved in volumetric pressure that has vortical dynamics inside a plasmatic spheroid. Evidently, the gas tail of comet has illustrated the vortical dynamics in longitudinal waves that are pushing-in towards the Sun. Comet Based on unisonal evolution mechanism, the uniformly spread out comets revolving around its star in tilted elliptical orbits are vortically formed by consolidation in the harmonics of unisonal vortex, comparatively, the vortical dynamics are similar to hails that are formed in storms. UVS qualitatively predicts that comets in Oort cloud revolving around Sun in uniformly spread out manner are vortically consolidated in harmonics of unisonal vortex.

NGC 6781, a bubble-shaped nebula

Kuiper Belt and Oort cloud of Sun

See a UVS topic on "Cyclonic gravity field effect on splitting comet".

“I have often made the hypothesis that ultimately physics will not require a mathematical statement,
that in the end the machinery will be revealed and the laws will turn out to be simple.” - Richard Fenyman

~ With special thanks to Allen Barrow (aka PoPpAScience of TOEQuest Forum) for his post #135 on protoplanet HL Tau b, this is strong scientific evidence for evolution of stars and planets are through vortex dynamics. In a concept of cosmic evolution (in physical cosmology aspect) on macro levels in Charles Darwin style, this image has important implications in many aspects for Universal Vortical Singularity. It is the missing link in factual astronomy observation as evidence that completes the vortical universe scenarios of Universal Vortical Singularity; the unisonal dynamics of vortical interactions that weave a chain of celestial events, from a galaxy system to its star systems in unison through a universal vortical system in unisonal singularity.

~ With thanks to Graham Burnett (aka G_burnett of TOEQuest Forum) for his post on hyper-velocity star that evidently suggest a star achieving escape velocity and therefore dislodge from its main galaxy would end up in a supernova explosion.

~ With special thanks to Anna Lorrina Mitchell (aka labelwench of TOEQuest) for her post #727 linking to "Space tornado" that evidently illustrates the vortical dynamics of a stellar jet observed with NASA's Spitzer infrared telescope.

Note: More appropriate descriptions for terms such as satellite galaxy and satellite vortex should be offspring galaxy and offspring vortex, which would reflect their nature more appropriately. However, the term such as satellite galaxy is more commonly used, so the same terms were used to maintain uniformity for those implicated subjects. A satellite galaxy on a satellite galactic vortex revolves around a larger main galaxy on a galactic vortex; it is not orbiting around a larger galaxy as a result of gravitational attraction.

19th June 2007

References and links:
Cosmic evolution - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Physical cosmology - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cosmology - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Absolute time and space - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Celestial mechanics - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Paradigm shift - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Charles Darwin - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dynamo effect - Excerpt from the Encyclopedia Britannica
Precession - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Magnetohydrodynamics - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lyman-alpha blob - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Blob may signal monster galaxy feeding - ScienceNews
Plasma - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cartwheel Galaxy - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Spiral Galaxy M81 - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Solar system formation - aerospaceweb.org
Ellipsoid - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Elliptical galaxy ESO 325-G004 - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Galaxy Evolution Explorer - NASA
The unsolved problems of physic - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Space tornado - ScienceDaily
Hyper-velocity star - Max-Planck-Institut-For Astrophysik
Nebular hypoehesis - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Star HL Tau - National Geographic News
Protoplanetary disk - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Accretion disk - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Clearing the neighbourhood - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Angular momentum - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Plane of the ecliptic - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Milky Way - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Center of mass - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Invariable plane - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Apsidal precession - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Heliosphere - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Nuclear fusion - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Heliospheric current sheet - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Galactic center - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Solar System - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Rene Descartes - New Science Theory
Prolate spheroid - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Barycenter - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
SN 1572 supernova - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Hourglass Nebula - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Supernova - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
White dwarfs - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Type Ia supernova - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Electric glow discharge - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Noble gas - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Plasma lamp - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hydrogen - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Venus - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Brown dwarf - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Frame of reference - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Satellite galaxy - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
COBE temperature map of the CMBR dipole - Astronomy Picture of the Day, NASA
Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Universe - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Logical empiricism - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dwarf galaxy - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Standing waves - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Longitudinal waves - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hierarchical Two-body Gravitation in the Universe - By Dr Yongfeng Yang of Bureau of Water Resources of Shandong Province.
Galilean moons - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Orbital resonance - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Universal Helicola - By Dr. Vladimir Ginzburg
Lunar basalt materials - By B.J. Pletka from Michigan Technological University
Jupiter and Io Observe Each Other - Space Science Institute; Preston Dyches
Kuiper belt - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Scattered disc - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Digon - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Oort cloud - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Precession - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Orthogonality - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Comet Coma - University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Potential density - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Video clip on "Earth Rotation & Revolution around a moving Sun" - By Kurdistan Planetarium
Video clip "The solar system's motion thru space" - By The Resonance Project / Nassim Haramein.avi
Images of Cartwheel Galaxy - NASA
Image of Galaxy M81- NASA
Image of protoplanetary disk - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Image of raindrop - @Paul Scharff Photography
Image of heliosphere - NASA
Image of Whirlpool galaxy M51 with NGC 5195 - NASA
Image of sunspots - Swedish Institute for Solar Physics
Images of Jupiter - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Image of Jupiter's moon- Io - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Image of Large Magellanic Cloud - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Image of blue star cluster NGC 1978 - UA Astronomy
Image of globular cluster - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Image of elliptical galaxy - NASA / ESA / The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)
Image of Orion arm and image of Milky Way structure - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Image of electron's motion - Credit: Image courtesy of Johan Mauritsson, Lund University
Crater Map of Earth - powered by Geology.com
Image of craters on Earth's moon - Images from the Universe
Thermal image of Saturn - credit NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute/University of Arizona.
Io (moon) and image - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Image of bubble-shaped Nebula - Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes
Image of comet McNaught - Image credit: Nicole Emanuel

counter was reset on 02/02/2010

Disclaimers: The above revolutionary discoveries and conjectures based on an unheard-of hypothesis of Universal Vortical Singularity with radical ideas are unconventional, the explorations of the uncharted at fundamental stage might not be thoroughly covered, bound to have shortcomings, loose ends and errors, many details and assumptions have yet to be further researched, probed, evaluated, validated and proven. Many of the implicit explanations are for casual understanding of the topics presented, any term or statement if offensive in any manner or whatsoever is most regretted. Links to other sites do not imply endorsement of their contents; apply appropriate discretion whenever necessary. Some web browsers were reported to have displayed with data corruption for text, disorganized images and some animations did not work, it is recommended to view the contents from UVS web pages with Windows Internet Explorer.

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