Universal Vortical Singularity enlightenment on sunspot
In the UVS worldview based on unisonal vortex mechanism, the occurrences of unisonal vortex on photosphere on lower latitude of Sun renders the phenomenon of sunspot. A sunspot cluster is a cluster of consolidated unisonal vortices that have spawned in the photosphere of Sun, it is triggered by focused precession effects from aligned planets in a Solar System arrangement through its torque-induced precession. From the perspective of UVS model, the Solar System itself is a voritcal system with its planets revolving around the Sun in vortical motions that spiral around the dual-core Galactic center within a larger vortical system; sunspot is a localized vortical phenomenon that would be affected by external vortical interactions in various precession cycle within its larger vortical systems.
Based on unisonal vortex mechanism, the main axis of unisonal vortex for those lower latitude sunspots are mainly caused by torque-induced precession from the focused precession effects of a Solar System alignment, the secondary axis that drives these sunspots are from rotation of Sun on tilted axis or from torque-induced precession of other planets. These vortical motion interactions render the effects of torque-free precession on the photosphere of Sun to spawn sunspots.
UVS qualitatively predicts that sunspots are lower latitude unisonal vortices that have spawned in the photosphere of Sun.
"Active region 9393 as seen by the MDI instrument on NASA’s Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) satellite featured the largest sunspot group observed so far during the current solar cycle. On 30 March 2001, the sunspot area within the group spanned an area more than 13 times the entire surface of the Earth." - Excerpt from Wikipedia. The Solar System alignment on this event was almost aligned Sun-Jupiter-Saturn.
"We still don't understand exactly how jet streams trigger sunspot production," says Pesnell. "Nor do we fully understand how the jet streams themselves are generated." - Excerpt from "Mystery of the Missing Sunspots, Solved?"
In the UVS worldview, Sun and its planets are vortically coalesced from clouds of stellar material, the precession effects of Sun and its two significant planets, which are Jupiter and Saturn, would vortically interacts with the Sun and each other for exchanging angular momentum. Therefore, at vortically resonated locations on the photosphere of Sun as a result of its manifested torque-free precession, it could therefore cause sunspots to spawn vortically. See a UVS subtopics on "A star is vortically formed within a larger vortical system that drives its galaxy" that illustrates with empirical evidence on this vortical phenomenon that is currently coalescing a star and its protoplanet in their primordial stage, "The vortical motion of the Sun" and "The orbit of satellite" for elaboration on how all celestial objects are rotating and revolving in vortical motion. |
 Star HL Tau |
“Celestial objects rotates and revolves in vortical motion.” - UVS inspired
Conventional knowledge states that the effects of tidal force acting on Sun cause by the gravity of Jupiter is minuscule and it apparently has no significant effect on Sun to be of any concern at all. In the UVS worldview, the alignment of Jupiter and Saturn has focused effects for their torque-induced precession acting on a moving Sun and this is dominating the sunspot activities; the scientific theory for celestial mechanics with a static Sun that predicts tidal force of a planet has miniscule effect on Sun needs to be re-evaluated.
See a video clips on "Earth Rotation & Revolution around a moving Sun" that illustrates with an external perception for the helical motion of Earth.
See a UVS subtopic on "The cognitive paradox fallacy in Kepler's laws of planetary motion" that illustrates planets move in a helical path through space with a moving Sun, and an external link on electromagnetic radiation that elaborates on its carried energy and momentum could interact with matter.
As a matter of fact, in the frame of reference from the center of the Milky Way galaxy, a planet moves around a moving Sun in a helical path through space; the motion of a planet is impelled by the vortical motion of the Sun. The momentum of a revolving planet that moves in a helical path around the path of the moving Sun, would proportionally cause a torque-induced precession effect to act on the Sun in its exchanging of angular momemtum. On top of the orbital velocity of the planet, the function for the torque-induced precession of the planet needs to factor in the revolving velocity of Sun (220 km/s) for it impels the planet with momentum that has orbital inclination while they vortically revolve around the Galactic center. For instant, if the revolving velocity of Sun around the Galactic center is increased, the momemtum of a planet it impels would be increased with the proportionally increased in revolving velocity and revolving radius of the planet that vortically revolves around the Sun.
This would account for the additional torque-induced precession effect acting on Sun for the exchanging of angular momentum with any of its planet. Although all planets with weak interplanetary gravities are moving as an integrated system and therefore it does not need to account for the Sun's revolving velocity, any planet slinged on to vortically revolve around the moving Sun is intrinsically subjected to the strong vortical core force of the Sun. This factoring of strong vortical core force of the Sun might reveal that the two most massive planets, which are Jupiter and Saturn, in their helical motion exchanging angular momentum with the moving Sun, could be most dominating than those other planets for the transferred torque-free precession to exert on the photosphere of Sun.
"The inclination of Earth's orbit drifts up and down. Relative to its present orbit this drift has a period of about 70,000 years. Relative to the invariable plane it has a 100,000-year period. The invariable plane represents the angular momentum of the solar system, and is approximately the orbital plane of Jupiter." - Excerpt from Wikipedia on "Precession of the ecliptic".
From the UVS perspective, the above asserts that the vortical motion of Juipter significantly dominates with its angular momentum for its spiral path in the invariable plane of Solar System, and this is despite it is much further away from the Sun then the four inner planets; the conventional celestial mechanics of Newtonian universal gravitation that is based on a static Sun is untenable. The inferred vortical motion of planets suggests that Saturn being the second most massive planet could be the next most prominent satellite of Sun for its capacity to exert significant angular momentum on the moving Sun.
And evidently, based on empirical observation, the approximately 11 years half-cycle with two types of conjunction that are alternatively formed by Sun, Jupiter and Saturn, is apparently the primary causality for the solar cycle. The orbital elements such as the orbital eccentricity of Jupiter and Saturn with precession effect would have caused the variations of solar cycle to vary from the 9.5 years to 11 years period as empirically observed.
Further research in the Solar System alignment effect based on the UVS model for its qualitative predictions could provide the foundation for its quantitative predictions of sunspot activity that are associated with the solar cycle of the Sun.
UVS qualitatively predicts that the solar cycle is primarily caused by combined toruqe-induced precession of Jupiter and Saturn in their orbital interactions on photosphere of a moving Sun.
|
 |
 Superior conjuction of aligned Jupiter-Sun-Saturn |
Apparently, and based on the circumstantial evidence that supports the UVS worldview, the phenomenon of solar cycle with an approximately 22 year period for sunspot activities is mainly caused by the combined torque-induced precession of Jupiter and Saturn acting on the photosphere of Sun; with transferred torque-free precession effect it cyclically generates unisonal vortices in the photosphere. Sun, Jupiter and Saturn are aligned in an order of Sun-Jupiter-Saturn inferior conjuction in every 22 years approximately for recent cycles and change to superior conjuction in every 11 years approximately. Coincidentally, Sun generates new jet streams near its poles every 11 years approximately.
The peroid for cyclical alignment of Sun, Jupiter and Saturn can be traced with planet finder, however, this computerized simulation based on fixed orbital parameters shows approximately 10 years for half cycle for a type of conjuction for aligned Sun, Jupiter and Saturn, while empircal observations for the period between solar peaks in half solar cycles are varied from 9.5 to 11 years, nevertheless, the approximately 10 years period for the half cycle period is within this range.
Based on the UVS model, the phenomenon of solar jet stream is caused by the polar vortex on photosphere; it is a vortrex of its polar vortex in a unisonal system. A sunspot cluster is driven and perturbed by the solar jet stream in vortical motion by exchanging angular momentum in their interactions. This is similar to atmospheric polar vortex would drive its polar jet stream that in turn drives its tornado cluster.
UVS
qualitatively predicts that solar jet stream is caused by the polar vortex of
photosphere.
UVS
qualitatively predicts that sunspot cluster is driven by its solar jet stream
and this is driven by its polar vortex in a unisonal vortical motion.
Saturn and Jupiter is know to have a coincidental 'near' ratios of mean motion in an orbital resonance, the ratio is almost 2:5. Every two revolving cycle of Saturn around Sun in a period of about 59.3 years, Jupiter would have made about five revolving cycles around Sun with a slight angular mismatch, this angular mismatch in the fixed reference frame of Milky Way would render a shift of celestial positions for these two planets with the precession cycle of about 59.3 years in the fixed configuration of aligned Sun, Jupiter and Saturn. From
a starting point of a planetary alignment in Sun-Jupiter-Saturn inferior
conjuction, it takes about 11 years to change the planetary alignment
to Jupiter-Sun-Saturn superior conjuction; these two types of conjuction
are illustrated in two images as shown above. In an Sun-Jupiter-Saturn
inferior conjuction, the north magnetic pole of a sunspot points through
the southern side. In a Sun-Jupiter-Saturn, the combined magnetic field
strength of Jupiter and Saturn aligned could have caused the
phenomenon of reversal in direction of the magnetic field lines
of a sunspot. In a Jupiter-Sun-Saturn superior conjuction, the
magnetic field of a sunspot would revert back to the usual north magnetic
pole points through the northern side of the sunspot. It should be relatively
easy to flip the magnetic field lines on a sunspot pair on photosphere
by a strong external magnetic force, but it is unlikely that it could
cause the core magnetic field of Sun to be reversed.
The sunspot pair phenomenon is a dual-core unisonal vortex that its dual-core is separated on the surface of photosphere. A solar jet stream roaming underneath the surface of photosphere would be able to drive a sunspot pair that spin in opposite direction. The dual-core unisonal vortex could be caused by a wobbling Sun in the torque-induced precession, this would drive a sunspot pair spinning in the same direction. A wobbling Sun would generate a main center of equilibrium and a secondary center of equilibrium that are apparently separated on the surface of photosphere; a center of equilibrium is where the vortex eye would open. |
 Illustrations of sunspot pair |
UVS qualitatively predicts that a sunspot pair is a dual-core unisonal vortex of Sun's photosphere that its dual-core are separated on the surface of photosphere.
Galactic
elements and orbital
elements such as eccentricity, semimajor axis, inclination, longitude
of the ascending node, argument of periapsis and mean anomaly at epoch
from orbiting Saturn and Jupiter would have primarily affected the intensity
of sunspot activities. The orbital inclinations
of Jupiter and Saturn from the invariable plane of the Sun would also
cause varying intensity of precession effect on the photosphere of Sun.
When Saturn, Jupiter and Sun are aligned on different phases around the
the Sun, it would cause different levels of solar cycle peak. When the
alignment of these two planets and the Sun approximately occurs on the
invariable plane, the intensity of the precession effect would be increased.
Another significant factor that would affect the level of solar cycle
peak is the periapsides
of Jupiter and Saturn; this effect is most intensive when the planets
are nearest to the Sun. The Dalton Minimum phenomenon could be caused by a cancellation of precession effect of Jupiter-Sun-Saturn superior conjuction with other planets, other significant factors of orbital elements are highest orbital inclinations and apoapsides of Jupiter and Saturn from Sun and its minimum degree of alignment with Galactic center and Galactic plane. |
 |
Evidently, based on empirical observation, the 11 years half-cycle solar maximum phenomenon is caused by combined precession effect of aligned Sun, Jupiter and Saturn conjuctions. Its mechanism in a simplified analysis is similar to spring tides with higher sea level on Earth caused mainly by combined precession effect of aligned Earth, Moon and Sun in a lunisolar precession. UVS qualitatively predicts that solar maximum of solar cycle is caused by the maximum combined precession effect of aligned Sun, Jupiter and Saturn. With the aligned Sun, Jupiter and Saturn formation that sets as the platform, other planets and galactic elements interacting on the alignment would cause free vortex cluster to spawn in the photosphere with varying intensity as clusters of sunspot. The solar minimum phenomenon could occur when position of Jupiter is perpendicular to the alignment of Sun and Saturn at the quarter phases. This scenario is similar to neap tides with lower sea level on Earth when position of Moon at quarter phases is perpendicular to the alignment of Earth and Sun. UVS qualitatively predicts that solar minimum of solar cycle occurs when position of Jupiter is perpendicular to the alignment of Sun and Saturn at the quarter phases. See UVS subtopics on "The causality of tidal force" that illustrates the tidal force in push-in gravity, and "A typical formation of Solar System objects that could trigger a terrestial free vortex". |
The Maunder Minimum phenomenon could be caused by Solar System alignments having overall synchronized and balanced formation of all planets, this would result in the combined precession effect of a group of planets canceling the combined precession effect of another group of planets acting on the atmosphere of Sun. The synchronized phenomenon of Little Ice Age period on Earth where there were three climate minima in 1650, 1770 and 1850 all occurred in a balanced Jupiter-Sun-Saturn formation with all other planets. In 1850, the Solar System arrangement was Jupiter-Sun-Moon-Earth-Saturn-Uranus-Pluto aligned.
|
 Core of Sun nearer to barycenter |
See UVS subtopics on "The causality of gravity" that elaborates on the causality of gravity, and "Isotropic push-in inertia of gravity" that elaborates the dynamics of vortical core-seeking force that render gravity as a push-in effect.
UVS qualitatively predicts that Mauder Minimum is caused by the Jupiter-Sun-Saturn superior conjuction with all other planets to keep the Sun nearest to its primary mass center.
UVS qualitatively predicts that Wee-Foo Maximum is caused by the Sun-Jupiter-Saturn inferior conjuction with all other planets to held the Sun furthermost from its primary mass center.
Planetary alignments of inner Solar System planets with Sun and either Jupiter, or Saturn would have caused the phenomenon of less prominent solar cycles. The precedent in terms of fastest frequency causing those less prominent solar cycles of sunspot activities by inner Solar System planets is Mercury, Venus, Earth then Mars. These inner Solar System planets could independently, or jointly align with Sun and either Jupiter or Saturn, resulting those less prominent solar cycles caused by multiple precession cycles.
UVS qualitatively predicts that the less prominent solar cycles are caused by cyclical precession effect of other Solar System planets with Sun and either Jupiter, or Saturn.
The phenomenon of sunspot sprout on shifting latitude is caused by a precession effect by Jupiter, the center of equilibrium where sunspot spawns is shifted as a result of Jupiter orbiting nearer to the alignment of Sun and Saturn, and then away from it. When Jupiter moves nearer to the alignment of Sun and Saturn, the combined precession effect of Jupiter and Saturn would have a stronger negative push on the photosphere with their tidal effect, increasing the altitude of photosphere on equator of Sun in their alignment with the Sun, and the precession Jupiter would shift the center of equilibrium towards the equator. In a graphical illustration, this is the sum of two sine waves of equal period; one sine wave that indicates the center of equilibrium latitude is lagging behind the sine wave of sunspot intensity.
UVS qualitatively predicts that sunspot sprouts on shifting latitude is caused by a precession effect of a large planet that interacts with the polar vortex of the Sun.
Sunspots sprout symmetrically on shifting latitudes at northern and southern hemisphere over the period of a solar cycle with lagging recovery of photosphere altitude would render the phenomenon of a butterfly diagram. The phenomenon of a complete butterfly pattern in a chart of magnetic field and sunspot equal area latitude strips occurs over an 11 years solar cycle, beginning from a solar minimum, where Jupiter begins to close in on the alignment of a revolving Sun and Saturn, at early stage sunspots sprout at the mid latitude of Sun and gradually sprout nearer to the equator with increased intensity and counts. When Jupiter becomes aligned with Sun and Saturn at five and a half years time, a solar maximum would occur and this is when the polarity of magnetic field lines on a sunspot is reversed. The next five and a half years Jupiter moves away from the alignment of Sun and Saturn, with sunspots evolving further away from the equator more gradually, intensity and counts of sunspot would also decrease gradually.
Magnetic field around the sunspot and corona loops are caused by dynamo effect of vortex activities. The dynamo effect phenomenon is supposedly caused by a spinning solar vortex that generates huge electrical currents and strong magnetic storm through magnetohydrodynamics that beams magnetic field outwards into Space.
A vortex eye on a surface of Sun is a depressed void area, whereby the usual atmospheric presence of plasmatic viscous matter required for thermal convection is not there, this causes the phenomenon of an inert dark center of a sunspot that the emptiness inhibits convection and therefore is much cooler than the surrounding.
The phenomenon of polar caps as long-lived corona holes where coronal temperature and density suddenly dropped, are caused by the extremely large polar free vortex pair of the Sun. Photosphere is dispersed at the poles is as a result of the Sun's polar vortex; its centrifugal force would cause the atmosphere to distribute toward the equator. The photosphere on a Sun's hemisphere was subjected to it rotation to become a forced vortex; at equator the surface of photosphere is on a highest potential plane and at polar center the surface of photosphere is at a lowest potential point. The driving force for the Sun's polar vortex comes from the self-perpetuating force of Sun revolving around the Galactic center in a spiral arm of the galactic vortex, this transform the forced vortex into a very large, stable and long-lived free vortex in the photosphere at polar region that cyclonically spins along the polar axis.
Based on unisonal vortex mechanism, the main axis of the unisonal polar vortexes pair of Sun is on the rotation axis of Sun, the secondary axis with driving force is on revolving axis of Sun.
UVS qualitatively predicts that the inert dark center of a sunspot is caused
by the void of vortex column that inhibits convection.
UVS qualitatively predicts that the long-lived corona holes on
polar caps are polar vortices of photosphere.
UVS qualitatively predicts that the inertia force drawing a lower
latitude vortex towards polar region is caused by a relative concave surface
of viscous matter.
The phenomenon of a sunspot moves diagonally towards the pole is as a result of the solar vortex moves from a higher potential plane in a parabolic structured photosphere to a lower potential point at the polar center on a rotating Sun. See a UVS topic on "Polar vortex" for further elucidation on this mechanism.
Watch a video on an experiment of acoustic sound waves that demonstrates how induced seismic waves in mechanical force could interact in a high viscosity medium, in the experiment with some interventions, mechanically resonated standing waves with momentum in the medium are observed to manifest in organized turbulence as a dynamic cluster of wrapped surfaces that resembles pairs of splitting dual-core vortex. The standing waves manifested in the high viscosity medium are artificially induced, while nature in a synergetic of torque-induced precession and torque-free precession on photosphere of Sun could have generated such standing waves naturally.
 Long-lived polar sunspots among other sunspots |
 Sunspots - Solar free vortices |
 Corona loops of a sunspot |
The corona loops phenomenon is apparently a chain of satellite vortices that are spiraling around a cyclonic sunspot, this is a dominant unisonal vortex that has a powerful spiraling downdraft from the void of a sunspot that has suction effect, it also forms nearby ionized cloud into satellite vortices in the form of corona loops pointing at an inclined angle towards the spinning vortex eye; these are plasma vortices that have bent in U-shape around a sunspot. A corona loop is a free vortex of ionized gas that bends into a horseshoe shape, this is caused by electromagnetic force and physical force from the vortex eye of the sunspot; ionized clouds near the solar unisonal vortex are pulled and spin into satellite vortices. The highly charged rotating low-pressure void of vortex column of a sunspot has warped by sinking a higher surface into the void, in a successive pattern of a warped higher surface these plasma vortices were bent into horseshoe shape. This conjecture is based on the UVS model that explains dominant unisonal vortex. Watch video clips on "Corona loops" and "Flaring up of corona loops". |
UVS qualitatively predicts that corona loops are satellite plasma vortices.
The breaking at vortex column of a colossal loop of solar prominence would cause the phenomenon of corona mass ejection; the angular momentum from spinning force of the broken vortex column would blast ionized gas with reactive centrifugal force that have overcome escape velocity of Sun (617.7km/s) to propagate the ejecta into Space as solar flares. When an instability occurs, such as excessive energy built up, dissipating vortex or sudden drops in vortex intensity when it is disturbed, the solar prominence could break easily at the mid section of the vortex column; which is the most vulnerable section with the smallest diameter vortex column that spins at the highest speed in its vortical culmination process. See video clips on "Massive Solar Storms", "SOHO NASA Solar Flare" and an external link on "Coronal mass ejection". UVS qualitatively predicts that corona mass ejection is caused by angular momentum in vortex column of a broken corona loop. |
 Raptured solar prominence |
The centrifugal force of vortex column that spins the surrounding mass outward is the causality for the phenomenon of solar wind. A large corona loop caused by higher intensity unisonal vortex could spin a steady stream of ionized gas at the mid section of vortex column to reach escape velocity and thus jetting into Space at high speed. See UVS topics on "Other vortical phenomena of star" and "Aether vortical motion" for further elucidation.
Vortical motion could explain the anomaly on how a stream of intensified ionized gas attaining escape velocity by culmination of vortical momentum would jet out from the sunspot. It is a paradox for thermodynamics of the universe that in the absence of extra heat source, that sunspot could jet out ionized gas stronger than the surrounding hotter region of photosphere; this is inexplicable with thermodynamics that posits heat as the first principle for the motion of matter in the physical universe.
“Isotropic
vortical spin fusion of aetheric vortex that weaves as matter
is the causality for vortical spin radiation in various harmonic wavelengths.”
- UVS inspired
In the UVS worldview, kinetic energy in the torque-free precession of photosphere is converted to thermal energy in the vortical process for its plasma glow and radiation. Vortical motion is the first principle for the mechanism of the Solar System and heat is merely its effect.
UVS qualitatively predicts that solar wind is a steady stream of ionized gas spun from vortex column at high speed that has reached escape velocity at mid section of a corona loop.
Vortex activities on Earth would also be peaked when Earth are aligned with the formation of Sun, Jupiter and Saturn; this explains the phenomenon of synchronized peaks for sunspot activities with vortex activities on Earth such as aurora, storm and cyclone.
UVS qualitatively predicts that the synchronized peaks for sunspot activities with aurora, storm and cyclone activities on Earth are caused by aligned Sun, Jupiter and Saturn.
“I
have often made the hypothesis that ultimately physics will not require a mathematical
statement,
that in the end the machinery will be revealed and the laws will turn out to
be simple.”
-
Richard
Fenyman
Glossary:
Photosphere flame - A light mass of gas volume on photosphere with ionized or
partially ionized atoms (plasma) that their electrons are excited.
Solar unisonal vortex - A unisonal vortex form in photosphere of Sun.
~ With credit to Wilf James for highlighting that the anomaly of intensified ionized particle ejection that corresponds with solar cycle of sunspot is inexplicable with heat as the first principle for thermodynamics of the universe.
June
6th 2007
References
and links:
Precession - From Wikipedia,
the free encyclopedia
Mystery
of the Missing Sunspots, Solved?
- From NASA Science; Science news
Angular
momentum
- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Celestial
mechanics
- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Electromagnetic
radiation -
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Energy -
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Momentum -
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Matter
- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Precession
of the ecliptic
- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Invariable
plane
- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Orbital
eccentricity
- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Conjuction
- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Planet
Finder - Light and Matter Planet Finder
Orbital
resonance
- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Milky
Way
- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Inclinations
- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Periapsides
- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lunisolar
precession
- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mass
center
- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Little Ice Age - From
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Corona
Mass Ejection - University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Solar
prominence
- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Reactive
centrifugal force
- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Escape
velocity of Sun
- From Yahoo! Anssers
Coronal
mass ejection
- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Solar flares - From Wikipedia,
the free encyclopedia
Thermodynamics
of the universe
- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Magnetohydrodynamics
-
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Image of sunspot and charts
- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Image of sunspots
- Swedish Institute for Solar Physics
Animation for
types of tide - Keith's Moon Page on The Moon & Tides
Image
of X-ray polar sunspot - Nasa; + plus Magazine
Image of corona
loops - The Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Astronomy, and Spaceflight
Image
of Sunspot pair -
From Chaisson & McMillan, Astronomy Today
Image of corona mass ejection
- Space Environment Center, NOAA
Video
on an experiment of acoustic sound waves
- etherpimp, YouTube
Video
clip on corona loops
- Retroid1975, YouTube
Video
clip on flaring up of corona loops
- achievist, YouTube
Video
clip on "Massive Solar Storms"
- NationalGeographic
Video
clip on solar wind
- Sun Montage - SOHO NASA Solar Flare - PHJ
counter was
reset on 02/02/2010
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